SORRY TO ALL OUR FRIENDS OF NUESTROS RANCHOS. I JUST DISCOVER THAT MY
PREVIOUS MESSAGE BY SOME TECHNICAL REASON WAS CUTED AFTER THE FIRST
PARAGRAPH, SO HERE IT GOES AGAIN THE FULL TEXT:
1. The true outcome of the Mexican Revolution (Salvador Quirarte)
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The Mexican revolution started is 1910 as the first social movement in the
world of the 20th. century, even before the Russian revolution happened.
The original factors triggering the social explosion of this country was a
reaction to a social and political model established by the Spaniards 400
years before.
Let us remember Mexico was not a single country when the Spanish conquers
arrived. The most advanced group at that time was the Aztec kingdom, but
there were many other different groups and tribes across our lands.
The centralized monarchic model of the Spanish government was imported and
imposed for 300 years by their soldiers to all those tribes, after they have
been defeated or invaded. The Virreinato of the New Spain was divided
in several regional divisions. One of them was Nueva Galicia.
Central Mexico was the richest and more civilized geographical area, so the
conquerors settled in the former Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)
and expanded their control in all directions to reach all kind of human and
material resources, such as slaves, gold, silver, good land for agriculture,
etc.
The borders were defined all the way down to the limits with South America,
where the other large Spanish Virreinato was established based on the former
Inca´s territory. To the North the borders were defined by the capacity of
the Spanish army to maintain secure Spanish colonial populations under the
attacks of the Indian tribes of North America, that were not so culturally
advanced as the tribes in the south.
Without formal roads and the only way to travel was using mules and horses,
which may take weeks and months. Maintain control and governance over remote
regions was a really hard task. Imagine what means to keep control and rule
over Arizona or California from Mexico City or Madrid.
In the 17th. century the new generations of Spanish descendants already born
in America started to claim their rights to the lands, people and richness
of the Nueva España, that continue to be exported to the Kingdom in Spain.
Most of the economic, social and political decision powers still remained
back there..
It took 300 years to allow that movement to really evolve and empower the
people in America to succeed fighting the war of Independence.
At that point , after the Independence war ended, the government model was
still centralized, that is the same than before. Dozens of internal fights
and local wars between different groups, leaders and former local
tribes happened until Porfirio Diaz took control as President and
established two important values:
- Unification - Either peaceful or enforced with weapons and blood
- Progress - Implementing wide modernization and investment works,
funded by a financial system based in the fortune of a very small number of
rich families, fully aligned with the President Diaz.
Porfirio Diaz remained in power for 30 years consolidating many good and bad
things:
For the first time Mexico was a true country.
There were peace and progress and Mexico moved in to start having industries,
communications as railroads, telegraph &, postal services, education and
universities, roads, corporate businesses, cultural development, art, music
and an identity as one single nation.
On the other side, the price paid by the Mexican people after all those 30
years was very high. No freedom, no democracy, high corruption and no social
evolution and justice.
Those were the critical drivers that triggered the explosion happened in
1910.
A small thinking and educated middle class and the outstanding leaders of
the oppressed and poor people in the lands initiated diverse movements in
different cities and regions, some more civilized as Madero and Carranza and
others with guns and blood as Zapata and Villa, fight hard and offered their
own lives with hundreds of thousands of their followers to change things
around.
After many tries to settle a consolidated government, a new generation took
over and Avila Camacho became president.
He and the three presidents that followed him were the key builders of the
Mexican nation in the 20th. century.
Avila Camacho established a democratic system based in the participation of
all citizens. How he do it?
He invented the PRI, a unique political party that host all political and
social groups and ideologies, assuring their loyalty to the system by
allowing them, and only them to participate and share the benefits of manage
the politics and the public budgets. He was a general, leading the new armed
forces that won over all other groups during the revolution.
Avila Camacho was followed by Lazaro Cardenas, who was also a general of the
army.
He was a socialist, influenced in some way by the innovating ideas of the
ideologists that created the communist movements in Europe. Cardenas
continued and improved the political and social developing and management
system of the government based in one single party (PRI).
But perhaps the three top contributions he had were the following:
